Today, despite a recent shared history of domestic turmoil, the rise of authoritarian leadership, and other commonalities, Brazil and Turkey present significant differences in their current international political ambitions and leadership capacity in their Whatsapp Mobile Number List respective regions12. The regional dimension of the foreign policy strategies of countries such as Brazil and Turkey is relevant, given that their options at the national and global levels can generate dilemmas: how can Brazil balance its membership of the brics with a foreign policy that prioritizes South America ? and a South-South solidarity approach with African countries?
We will not answer all these questions here; In short, the last five years have shown how the regional-global nexus can produce serious foreign policy dilemmas in both countries. The dilemmas refer to the decisions that must be made regardless of the Whatsapp Mobile Number List uncertainties, risks and costs that a certain regional option may imply on a Whatsapp Mobile Number List and vice versa. The levels (from the national to the regional and the world) are articulated, so that domestic policy and foreign policy are intrinsically interrelated. Furthermore, contexts are dynamic (especially in the Middle East), which can add additional costs related to (excessive) participation.13.
In the Turkish case, the dissolution of the former Soviet Union had given Ankara greater political space not only in the Middle East, the Balkans and Central Asia, where Turkey has deep cultural ties with the newly independent countries, but also affected Turkey's Whatsapp Mobile Number List geopolitical role towards its Western allies. How will Bolsonaro's personal loyalty change during the government of Joseph Biden and Kamala Harris? How will Turkey reconcile its geography of bridge between different worlds in the Middle East with the Muslim identity? What about Turkey's membership in NATO and the OECD ?